Public school leaders nationwide estimated that, on average, 32 percent of their students ended the 2023-24 school year behind grade level in at least one academic subject, which is not measurably different than the 33 percent reported at the end of the 2021-22 school year, according to data released recently from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), the statistical center within the U.S. Department of Education’s Institute of Education Sciences.